we can also supply copper saddles.
The following is the general properties for copper.
General properties |
Name, symbol, number |
copper, Cu, 29 |
Element category |
transition metal |
Group, period, block |
11, 4, d |
Standard atomic weight |
63.546(3) g·mol−1 |
Electron configuration |
[Ar] 3d10 4s1 |
Electrons per shell |
2, 8, 18, 1 (Image) |
Physical properties |
Phase |
solid |
Density (near r.t.) |
8.94 g·cm−3 |
Liquid density at m.p. |
8.02 g·cm−3 |
Melting point |
1357.77 K, 1084.62 °C, 1984.32 °F |
Boiling point |
2835 K, 2562 °C, 4643 °F |
Heat of fusion |
13.26 kJ·mol−1 |
Heat of vaporization |
300.4 kJ·mol−1 |
Specific heat capacity |
(25 °C) 24.440 J·mol−1·K−1 |
Vapor pressure |
P/Pa |
1 |
10 |
100 |
1 k |
10 k |
100 k |
at T/K |
1509 |
1661 |
1850 |
2089 |
2404 |
2834 |
|
Atomic properties |
Oxidation states |
+1, +2, +3, +4
(mildly basic oxide) |
Electronegativity |
1.90 (Pauling scale) |
Ionization energies
(more) |
1st: 745.5 kJ·mol−1 |
2nd: 1957.9 kJ·mol−1 |
3rd: 3555 kJ·mol−1 |
Atomic radius |
128 pm |
Covalent radius |
132±4 pm |
Van der Waals radius |
140 pm |
Miscellanea |
Crystal structure |
face-centered cubic |
Magnetic ordering |
diamagnetic |
Electrical resistivity |
(20 °C) 16.78 nΩ·m |
Thermal conductivity |
(300 K) 401 W·m−1·K−1 |
Thermal expansion |
(25 °C) 16.5 µm·m−1·K−1 |
Speed of sound (thin rod) |
(r.t.) (annealed)
3810 m·s−1 |
Young's modulus |
110–128 GPa |
Shear modulus |
48 GPa |
Bulk modulus |
140 GPa |
Poisson ratio |
0.34 |
Mohs hardness |
3.0 |
Vickers hardness |
369 MPa |
Brinell hardness |
874 MPa |
CAS registry number |
7440-50-8 |
Most stable isotopes |
Main article: Isotopes of copper |
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